{
  "id": "case-kulkov-try2check",
  "slug": "us-v-kulkov-try2check",
  "title": "U.S. v. Denis Gennadievich Kulkov (Try2Check Card Checking Service)",
  "summary": "Creator of Try2Check, the preeminent criminal card-checking platform that processed tens of millions of card verification requests annually for cybercriminals buying stolen credit cards.",
  "case_number": "1:23-cr-00171",
  "court": "U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York",
  "district": "E.D.N.Y.",
  "country": "United States",
  "opened_at": "2023-04-18",
  "status": "fugitive",
  "victim_sector": "Financial Services, Payment Networks",
  "victim_country": "United States",
  "loss_amount_usd": 18000000,
  "loss_amount_note": "Earned over $18 million in Bitcoin fees running the unauthorized credit card verification service.",
  "first_seen_at": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z",
  "last_updated_at": "2026-07-20T16:00:00Z",
  "actor_slug": "try2check",
  "defendant_slugs": [
    "denis-kulkov"
  ],
  "cves": [],
  "techniques": [
    {
      "technique_id": "T1078",
      "evidence_excerpt": "Try2Check executed automated test transactions against merchant payment gateway APIs using stolen account logins.",
      "evidence_locator": "Indictment \u00b6 14, Page 7",
      "mapping_status": "reviewed",
      "mapped_by": "rule",
      "source_title": "Indictment: U.S. v. Kulkov",
      "source_url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/justice-and-state-departments-announce-action-against-russian-national-operating-major",
      "technique_name": "Valid Accounts",
      "tactic": "Defense Evasion"
    }
  ],
  "events": [
    {
      "event_type": "indictment",
      "event_date": "2023-04-18",
      "description": "Federal indictment unsealed charging Kulkov with access device fraud, computer intrusion, and money laundering; Try2Check domains seized in coordination with Austrian and German authorities."
    }
  ]
}